Publications

Created in France in 1791, inheritance tax imposes a charge on the net inheritance received by each heir, depending on their relationship to the deceased. Misunderstood and unpopular with the French, inheritance tax is viewed favourably by economic theory because of its redistributive function. It h...

Between 2017 and 2023, 271 international organisations and multilateral funds received French public funding. France makes three types of contribution to multilateral entities: contributions to the budgets of international organisations, contributions to trust or concessional funds and equity invest...

Over the years, some of the knowledge acquired by doctors during their initial training becomes partially outdated, and this is all the more the case today as it is put to the test by numerous technological, diagnostic and therapeutic developments. Updating the knowledge of healthcare professionals ...

Established in 1964, the National Forest Office (Office National des Forêts, ONF) is an industrial and commercial public agency (EPIC) responsible for the sustainable management of public forests. In mainland France, the ONF manages approximately 1.7 million hectares of State-owned forests and 2.9 m...

Controlling energy consumption is essential to support the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 and to ensure a balance between energy supply and demand, particularly for electricity. As part of the “Fit for 55” package presented by the European Commission, in 2023 France proposed to step up ...

French law on persons with disabilities does not make the funding of accommodation conditional on its location within the country. Slightly more than 7,000 adults were accommodated in Wallonia in 2022. This observation led the French Court of Accounts to undertake a specific investigation into the i...

The aim of inclusive education is to ensure quality schooling for all pupils by taking into account their individual characteristics and special educational needs. Since the law of 11 February 2005 on equal rights and opportunities, participation and citizenship for persons with disabilities, the en...

A measure available to young people from the age of 15, the Universal National Service (SNU), was tested in 13 departments in 2019, before being rolled out nationwide. Its gradual extension, originally intended to result in an extension to an entire age group by 2024, was severely disrupted by the h...

For almost 40 years, there has been a succession of several tax schemes to support private rental investment. According to Insee, France's housing stock has grown by an average of 1.1% a year since the early 1980s, reaching 36.6 million homes by 1 January 2022. The Pinel scheme, which came into forc...

Initiated by the Prime Minister's circular of 1 July 2019, the France services programme was presented as a response to the feeling of marginalisation and remoteness from public services experienced by part of the population. Spearheaded by the National Agency for Territorial Cohesion (ANCT), it is ...