Publications

At a time when France has set itself the target of becoming fossil natural gas-free by 2050, biogas represents a major lever for this transition. What's more, the crisis in energy prices between 2021 and 2023 has highlighted the benefits of biogas for the security of energy supply. Biogas is a gaseo...

In September 2017, in a report commissioned by the Prime Minister, economist Jean Pisani-Ferry considered that France was suffering from a number of structural weaknesses, including a lack of skills among its working population. He felt that this was preventing us from meeting the major economic cha...

Central government procurement totalled around €60 billion (or 2.5 % of GDP) in 2022. The awarding of public procurement contracts is governed by three fundamental principles that structure regulations in this area: equal treatment of candidates, freedom of access to public procurement and transpare...

This review, conducted by an inter-jurisdictional panel bringing together the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regional Audit Chamber and the six thematic chambers of the Court of Accounts, takes the form of an in itinere assessment - carried out during the implementation of the plan being evaluated. Anno...

For almost 40 years, there has been a succession of several tax schemes to support private rental investment. According to Insee, France's housing stock has grown by an average of 1.1% a year since the early 1980s, reaching 36.6 million homes by 1 January 2022. The Pinel scheme, which came into forc...

Initiated by the Prime Minister's circular of 1 July 2019, the France services programme was presented as a response to the feeling of marginalisation and remoteness from public services experienced by part of the population. Spearheaded by the National Agency for Territorial Cohesion (ANCT), it is ...

Dock dues, a tax with a long history, are levied in Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte and La Réunion. They are applied to imports of goods as well as to deliveries of goods provided in exchange for payment by those who produced them. This tax, to which elected representatives are deeply...