With 53.9 million skier-days, France ranks second in the world for winter tourism, just behind the United States. In the 1960s and 1970s, winter tourism in the mountains grew considerably in France, with the construction of winter sports resorts as part of the government’s winter sports plans. One o...
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Higher education institutions play a special role in the ecological transition. Representing almost half of all State operators and catering for a large number of people, they have a substantial environmental impact. Numerous initiatives have been taken in recent years, and policies are beginning to...
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Identity checks are a central part of police and “gendarmerie” practice. The Defender of Rights referred the matter to the Court of Accounts, asking it to undertake an investigation of the conditions under which identity checks are carried out - a subject that is regularly questioned in public debat...
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In France, the public service is made up of all permanent and contract staff working in one of three branches: the State public service (FPE), the local public service (FPT) and the hospital public service (FPH). Since the overhaul of the general framework between 1983 and 1986, a number of legisla...
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The Regional Express Network (RER) has grown steadily since the 1970s, marking a turning point in transport services in the Île-de-France region. Given the scale of the impact on passengers, reliability, frequency and passenger information are key issues for this network. The five RER lines are oper...
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The French hospital system is made up of public and private acute hospitals. At the end of 2020, out of 2,989 establishments, there were 1,347 public hospitals, 972 private for-profit and 670 private not-for-profit establishments, the majority of which were public-interest private healthcare establi...
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On the eve of the covid-19 epidemic, the overall financial position of public hospitals appeared to be deteriorating, with recurring losses (€558 million in 2019). Two investment plans, Hôpital 2007 and Hôpital 2012, had led to a tripling of financial debt to €30 billion in 2019. The interest burden...
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For over twenty years, the prison population has been rising steadily, reaching an all-time high of 73,000 by the end of 2022. This places France among the ten European countries in which the prison population is increasing. The majority of inmates are young men with social and medical vulnerabiliti...
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In addition to its well-developed agri-food and tourism sectors, the French department of Jura has a dense network of small and medium-sized businesses in the aeronautics, metal, plastics, timber, construction and eyewear industries. These companies are facing major recruitment difficulties, which a...
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In order to protect gamblers from the risks of addiction and to prevent fraudulent or criminal activities, gambling has been prohibited in principle since 1836, except where express derogations have been granted on condition that public order is maintained. Gambling activities are divided into four ...
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