Occupational health is a major issue: while under the Labour Code, companies are responsible for protecting the health of their employees, nearly one million accidents, several hundred of which are fatal, and nearly 50,000 new cases of occupational diseases are recorded each year. To compensate vict...
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Today’s report is the first by the Court of Accounts to specifically address the context, organisation and results of the Covid-19 vaccination campaign. In December 2020, this vaccination campaign began, just a few months after the pandemic became global. Initially targeted at the population groups ...
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Inspired by the British model when it was created in 2016, the French Public Health Agency (Santé Publique France - SPF) is an agency under the Ministry of Health. It was created from the merger of four organisations to improve the coherence and efficiency of public policies in the fields of epidemi...
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Telework under general laws, which appeared informally in the 1990s, was introduced in the civil service in 2012 by the so-called Sauvadet law. It is distinct from “enforced” telework in exceptional circumstances, imposed by the employer to protect staff and simultaneously ensure the continuity of p...
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In the Seine basin, flooding is one of the biggest natural hazards, after drought. The Île-de-France metropolitan area is particularly vulnerable to the risk of flooding. The last major floods occurred in May-June 2016 and January-February 2018, costing €1.4 billion and €150 million to €200 million ...
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As the second largest budget item for universities after the wage bill, real estate is a strategic factor of primary importance for the integration of universities in their territory, and a central element for the reception of students and the fulfilment of scientific objectives. It is also at the h...
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On 15 April 2019, a fire broke out at Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral, destroying part of the monument and threatening its survival. Following this disaster, a wave of solidarity made it possible to raise the funds necessary for its preservation and restoration through a national contribution. This mo...
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For the last 15 years, foreign trade has been experiencing growing difficulties and the French trade balance has continued to worsen. In 2021, in an admittedly unusual context, it reached an all-time low of -€84.7bn. The low buoyancy of exports, compared to that of imports, puts France in a recurren...
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The health crisis has recently reminded us that waste management, and in particular the public waste management service (SPGD), is an essential service provided by municipalities or their groupings. The wide variety of materials and objects that make up the 39 million tonnes of household and similar...
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Defined by law and regulation on 23 March 2020, in accordance with the framework set by the European Commission on 19 March 2020, government-backed loans (PGE) were one of the main support mechanisms for businesses to deal with the health crisis. These loans were granted by the banks until 30 June 2...
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